Bringing a new life into the world is a miraculous and joyous event, but like any journey, the path to childbirth can present its own set of challenges. Every pregnancy and delivery is unique, and complications may arise, requiring careful monitoring and intervention from healthcare providers. In this article, we'll explore some common complications during labour and delivery, discuss who may be at a higher risk, and provide insights on prevention and when to seek medical attention.
Understanding the Risks:
Pregnancy can be affected by various factors, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, infections, sexually transmitted diseases, kidney problems, epilepsy, and anaemia may be at an increased risk of complications. Additionally, age, lifestyle choices, and a history of pregnancy loss or preterm birth can contribute to the likelihood of facing challenges during childbirth.
Common Complications:
Failure to Progress in Labour:
Failure to progress occurs when contractions weaken, the cervix does not dilate sufficiently, or the infant's descent in the birth canal faces obstacles. In such cases, healthcare providers may administer medications to stimulate contractions or opt for a caesarean delivery if labour does not progress adequately.
Perineal Tears:
Perineal tears are common during childbirth, involving tears in the vagina and surrounding tissues. While minor tears may heal naturally, more severe tears or those resulting from an episiotomy, a surgical cut may require stitches for proper healing.
Umbilical Cord Complications:
Complications with the umbilical cord, such as entanglement or compression, can occur during delivery. Healthcare providers closely monitor the situation and intervene if the cord becomes wrapped around the infant's neck, is compressed, or emerges before the infant.
Abnormal Fetal Heart Rate:
An abnormal heart rate of the baby during labour may not necessarily indicate a problem, but persistent abnormalities may require intervention. Healthcare providers may ask the woman to change positions to enhance blood flow or, in severe cases, consider emergency caesarean delivery or episiotomy.
Premature Rupture of Membranes (Water Breaking Early):
If the amniotic sac ruptures before the onset of labour, labour usually begins within 24 hours. If not, and if the pregnancy is at or near term, healthcare providers may induce labour. Early rupture before 34 weeks poses infection risks, requiring monitoring in the hospital.
Perinatal Asphyxia:
Perinatal asphyxia occurs when the fetus or infant does not receive enough oxygen during pregnancy, labour, delivery, or shortly after birth. This condition emphasizes the need for prompt recognition and intervention to prevent serious health implications.
Shoulder Dystocia:
In shoulder dystocia, the infant's head has emerged from the vagina, but one of the shoulders becomes stuck. Healthcare providers utilize specific maneuvers to dislodge the shoulder and facilitate safe delivery.
Excessive Bleeding (Postpartum Hemorrhage):
Excessive bleeding, or postpartum hemorrhage, can result from tears in the uterus or a failure of the uterus to contract for placental delivery. It is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide, necessitating immediate attention.
Prolonged Pregnancy (Post-term Pregnancy):
Prolonged pregnancy, lasting more than 42 weeks, requires close monitoring. Healthcare providers may consider inductions or caesarean deliveries to ensure the well-being of both the mother and baby.
Previous C-Section (Repeat Caesarean Section):
Women who had a caesarean section in a previous pregnancy may require special attention. Healthcare providers consider factors such as the reason for the previous C-section and the woman's overall health when planning subsequent deliveries, which may involve a repeat C-section.
Prevention and Early Intervention:
To promote a healthy pregnancy and reduce the risk of complications, it's crucial to take proactive steps:
Preconception consultations with a doctor for those planning to become pregnant.
Maintaining a balanced diet, regular prenatal vitamins, and appropriate weight gain.
Attending all routine prenatal visits and specialist appointments if recommended.
Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding alcohol and illegal drugs.
Clear communication with the healthcare provider about existing medications.
Stress reduction strategies, including activities like listening to music and practicing yoga.
When to Seek Help:
Pregnant individuals should not hesitate to contact their healthcare provider if they experience symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, sudden swelling, abdominal pain, fever, severe headaches, dizziness, persistent vomiting, blurred vision, or a decrease in fetal movements during the third trimester.
Childbirth is a transformative experience, and being aware of potential complications can empower expectant parents to navigate this journey with knowledge and preparedness. By staying informed, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely medical attention, individuals can contribute to a smoother and safer childbirth experience.